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Cable Health Monitor

Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 708 submarine cable systems, based on real measurements from our probes worldwide.

Learn how it works

Cable in focus 🌋 in the event zone
2,641 km · up since 2027 · 1 countries
Indonesia
now: running normally
Singapore → Sanur 30 ms (vs baseline 32 ms)
Open dossier →
Network latency index
For every monitored route the index compares its current round-trip time with that route's own 7-day norm. 100 = traffic moves at its usual speed, 108 = routes run about 8% slower than usual. Every cable weighs the same (now 294 cables, 5,316 routes). Updated hourly. Zones apply the same calculation to the cables serving a region or passing a chokepoint.
102 ▲ +1
faster100slower
⚙ Network load now
-5.9% above night floor
usual peak: 04:00 UTC · +7.6%
100 102 17.08 13:00 · 10217.08 14:00 · 10217.08 15:00 · 10217.08 16:00 · 10217.08 17:00 · 10217.08 18:00 · 10217.08 19:00 · 10217.08 20:00 · 10217.08 21:00 · 10217.08 22:00 · 10217.08 23:00 · 10218.08 00:00 · 10218.08 01:00 · 10218.08 02:00 · 10218.08 03:00 · 10218.08 04:00 · 10218.08 05:00 · 10218.08 06:00 · 10218.08 07:00 · 10218.08 08:00 · 10218.08 09:00 · 10218.08 10:00 · 10218.08 11:00 · 10218.08 12:00 · 10218.08 13:00 · 10218.08 14:00 · 10218.08 15:00 · 10218.08 16:00 · 10218.08 17:00 · 10218.08 18:00 · 10218.08 19:00 · 10218.08 20:00 · 10218.08 21:00 · 10218.08 22:00 · 10218.08 23:00 · 10219.08 00:00 · 10219.08 01:00 · 10219.08 02:00 · 10219.08 03:00 · 10219.08 04:00 · 10219.08 05:00 · 10219.08 06:00 · 10219.08 07:00 · 10219.08 08:00 · 10219.08 09:00 · 10219.08 10:00 · 10219.08 11:00 · 10219.08 12:00 · 10219.08 13:00 · 10219.08 14:00 · 10219.08 15:00 · 10219.08 16:00 · 10219.08 17:00 · 10219.08 18:00 · 10219.08 19:00 · 10219.08 20:00 · 10219.08 21:00 · 10219.08 22:00 · 10219.08 23:00 · 10220.08 00:00 · 10220.08 01:00 · 10220.08 02:00 · 10220.08 03:00 · 10220.08 04:00 · 10220.08 05:00 · 10220.08 06:00 · 10220.08 07:00 · 10220.08 08:00 · 10220.08 09:00 · 10220.08 10:00 · 10220.08 11:00 · 10220.08 12:00 · 10220.08 13:00 · 10220.08 14:00 · 10220.08 15:00 · 10220.08 16:00 · 10220.08 17:00 · 10220.08 18:00 · 10220.08 19:00 · 10220.08 20:00 · 10220.08 21:00 · 10220.08 22:00 · 10220.08 23:00 · 10221.08 00:00 · 10221.08 01:00 · 10221.08 02:00 · 10221.08 03:00 · 10221.08 04:00 · 10221.08 05:00 · 10221.08 06:00 · 10221.08 07:00 · 10221.08 08:00 · 10221.08 09:00 · 10221.08 10:00 · 10221.08 11:00 · 10221.08 12:00 · 10221.08 13:00 · 10221.08 14:00 · 10221.08 15:00 · 10221.08 16:00 · 10221.08 17:00 · 10221.08 18:00 · 10221.08 19:00 · 10221.08 20:00 · 10221.08 21:00 · 10221.08 22:00 · 10221.08 23:00 · 10222.08 00:00 · 10222.08 01:00 · 10222.08 02:00 · 10222.08 03:00 · 10222.08 04:00 · 10222.08 05:00 · 10222.08 06:00 · 10222.08 07:00 · 10222.08 08:00 · 10222.08 09:00 · 10222.08 10:00 · 10222.08 11:00 · 10222.08 12:00 · 10222.08 13:00 · 10122.08 14:00 · 10122.08 15:00 · 10122.08 16:00 · 10222.08 17:00 · 10222.08 18:00 · 10222.08 19:00 · 10222.08 20:00 · 10122.08 21:00 · 10122.08 22:00 · 10122.08 23:00 · 10123.08 00:00 · 10123.08 01:00 · 10123.08 02:00 · 10123.08 03:00 · 10123.08 04:00 · 10123.08 05:00 · 10123.08 06:00 · 10123.08 07:00 · 10123.08 08:00 · 10123.08 09:00 · 10123.08 10:00 · 10123.08 11:00 · 10123.08 12:00 · 10123.08 13:00 · 10123.08 14:00 · 10123.08 15:00 · 10123.08 16:00 · 10123.08 17:00 · 10123.08 18:00 · 10123.08 19:00 · 10123.08 20:00 · 10123.08 21:00 · 10123.08 22:00 · 10123.08 23:00 · 10124.08 00:00 · 10124.08 01:00 · 10124.08 02:00 · 10124.08 03:00 · 10124.08 04:00 · 10124.08 05:00 · 10124.08 06:00 · 10124.08 07:00 · 10124.08 08:00 · 10124.08 09:00 · 10124.08 10:00 · 10124.08 11:00 · 102
18.0819.0820.0821.0822.0823.0824.08 now
7 days, hourly
+2% slower than usual · measured across 5,316 corridors
984 checks today · last: Sydney → Accra 344 ms, 11 min ago
● Network stable · event watch
earthquake
Indonesia
M4.7event force
VS
network heldIndonesia Tengah Cable Systems +2%

M4.7 earthquake · 71 km N of Ruteng, Indonesia

7h ago
M 4.7magnitude 7.96°S · 120.47°Eepicenter Sape-Labuan Bajo-Ende-Kupang · 84 kmnearest cable

On August 24, 2026, a magnitude 4.7 earthquake occurred 71 km north of Ruteng, Indonesia. The event was localized, with its impact concentrated near the epicenter. Authorities responded promptly, monitoring the region for any effects on local populations and infrastructure. While the earthquake was moderate in scale, its proximity to key infrastructure warranted close observation.

The submarine cable systems in the vicinity demonstrated resilience during and after the event. For example, the Sape-Labuan Bajo-Ende-Kupang system, which connects Labuan Bajo to other critical points in Indonesia, maintained its baseline latency of approximately 179ms. Similarly, the Indonesia Tengah Cable Systems, also landing at Labuan Bajo, continued to operate at its expected average of 188ms. The Barat Timur Indonesia-2 (BTI-2) system, which lands at Jeneponto, Indonesia, 271 km from the epicenter, upheld its usual latency of 175ms. These systems, among others, carried traffic seamlessly, underscoring the robustness of the region's submarine cable network.

Monitoring of these cable corridors remains active and ongoing, with 1928 latency checks conducted in the last 24 hours across the 705 systems we observe. This continuous vigilance ensures the infrastructure's performance is consistently assessed in real time.

See it on the live map →
Explore the map →
700+ submarine cables, landing points & routes
Watch it live →
Real-time latency, outages & network pulse
Read research →
Deep dives into cables, incidents & geography
Earlier on the networkFull chronicle →
10h M4.7 earthquake · 67 km NNE of Ruteng, Indonesia 12h M5.2 earthquake · 48 km NE of Ruteng, Indonesia 19h M6 earthquake · 33 km SSW of Honchō, Japan Aug 22 M5.8 earthquake · 4 km N of Toride, Japan Aug 22 M4.6 earthquake · 76 km SSW of San Jose Village, Northern Mariana Islands
● Daily digest

Today on the network

August 24, 2026
1,892checks · 24h
651cables watched
0anomalies
0active alerts
10probes online

The network remained in excellent condition today with 1892 latency/route checks across 651 submarine cables, marking a clean and stable day without any flagged anomalies or active alerts. This quiet period underscores the reliability of our monitoring system.

Notable fluctuations included the UK-Channel Islands-8 cable showing a resolved warning alert with a significant reduction in round-trip time (RTT) by 279%. Additionally, several cables experienced minor variations: PIPE Pacific Cable-1 and Coral Sea Cable System (CS²) showed improvements of 35% and 33%, respectively. The OTEGLOBE Kokkini-Bari cable saw a substantial improvement of 47%, while the Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable experienced an increase of 61%. These changes are within normal operational parameters, reflecting typical network jitter rather than any significant issues.

UK-Channel Islands-8alert: warning · resolved (+279% RTT) PIPE Pacific Cable-1 (PPC-1)▼ 132.5ms today vs 204.6ms 7d-avg (▼35%) Coral Sea Cable System (CS²)▼ 132.6ms today vs 198.8ms 7d-avg (▼33%) OTEGLOBE Kokkini-Bari▼ 63ms today vs 119.8ms 7d-avg (▼47%) Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable▲ 100.5ms today vs 62.6ms 7d-avg (▲61%) Project Waterworth▼ 225.9ms today vs 252.7ms 7d-avg (▼11%) South Atlantic Cable System (SACS)▲ 155.2ms today vs 136.5ms 7d-avg (▲14%) North-West Cable System▼ 197.4ms today vs 215ms 7d-avg (▼8%) Batam Dumai Melaka (BDM)▼ 38.2ms today vs 54.2ms 7d-avg (▼30%)

Latest Research

View all research →
region

0.7 ms to 1.1.1.1: How One Anchor Blinded Our Monitoring for Three Months

The same address, 1.1.1.1, answers in 0.69 ms from one city and 11.54 ms from another. We used it as a reachability anchor for three months and measured almost nothing. Traceroutes, numbers, and the fix.

cable

Magnitude 6.7 Earthquake Near Anisio, Peru: Submarine Cables Remain Fully Operational

The 6.7 magnitude earthquake near Anízio, Peru, did not affect submarine cables such as Fibra Optica al Pacífico and SAm-1.

route

Global Internet Routing: Why a Packet Took the Long Way from Brazil to Oman

Discover why internet data between Brazil and Oman takes an unexpected detour through the US.

chokepoint

El Segundo: A Crucial Hub for Global Submarine Cables

An analysis of the undersea cable chokepoint at El Segundo: 13 cables, critical routes, potential threats, and monitoring efforts.

cable

Tunisia Floods Disrupt Submarine Cables, RTT Spikes Detected in Key Systems

Flooding in Tunisia caused anomalies on submarine cables, including KELTRA-2, HANNIBAL and others. Data analysis and consequences.

cable

Forest Fire Near Athens Causes Latency Spikes on KAFOS and Kardesa Cables

A forest fire in Greece on August 17, 2026, led to delays on submarine cables KAFOS and Kardesa, key for internet communication in the region.

cable

6.1 Earthquake Near Vanuatu: Tamtam and ICN1 Cables Fully Operational

Magnitude 6.1 earthquake near Port-Olry, Vanuatu. The Tamtam and ICN1 cables in the epicenter zone continue to operate stabilily.

chokepoint

Isla Verde: Subsea Cable Hub and Maritime Challenges

Why do underwater cables converge at Isla Verde? Explore its unique location, main routes, break scenarios, and GeoCables monitoring.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

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fiber ≈ 200k km/s
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📋 Connection Details

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⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5-15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
708
Submarine Cables
1,940+
Landing Points
322,929
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis - from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches - backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead - how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names - everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers - enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables - Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries - which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real measurements from our own distributed network of measurement servers. We trace specific routes across 708 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s - about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5-4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes - measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
708
Cables Monitored
984
Checks Today
149ms
Avg RTT (24h)
322,929
Total Checks
🔴 Matrix Cable System 193ms 1-426ms 🔴 2Africa 224ms 145-347ms 🔴 Lake Tanganyika 256ms 96-474ms 🔴 SAT-3/WASC 144ms 68-289ms 🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 141ms 44-509ms 🔴 Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) 188ms 37-330ms 🔴 West Africa Cable System (WACS) 223ms 146-347ms 🔴 Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) 242ms 68-488ms 🔴 Italy-Albania 116ms 61-625ms 🔴 Batam Dumai Melaka (BDM) 50ms 10-216ms 🔴 Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1) 200ms 1-668ms 🔴 FLY-LION3 222ms 68-507ms 🔴 Bosun 166ms 18-390ms 🟡 Proa 51ms 48-137ms 🟡 Caribbean-Bermuda U.S. (CBUS) 69ms 58-138ms 🔴 Hawaiki Nui 1 136ms 0-337ms 🔴 Project Waterworth 241ms 22-773ms 🔴 Eastern Africa Submarine System (EASSy) 242ms 68-501ms 🔴 Avassa 246ms 68-704ms 🔴 Comoros Domestic Cable System 242ms 68-495ms 🔴 North-West Cable System 210ms 52-396ms 🔴 Groote Eylandt 207ms 31-392ms 🔴 Jonah 109ms 3-329ms 🔴 OTEGLOBE Kokkini-Bari 147ms 65-291ms 🔴 EAGLE 146ms 57-312ms 🔴 Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) 210ms 31-333ms 🔴 Trans Adriatic Express (TAE) 158ms 57-683ms 🔴 Piano Isole Minori 154ms 57-302ms 🔴 Adria-1 166ms 33-771ms 🔴 SMPCS Packet-2 213ms 114-632ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
Manatua
Slowest route today: 🟢 625ms from To'ahotu to Apia. · 29 hops
Overview Manatua is a submarine cable system spanning 3,634 km across the central South Pacific Ocean. It connects four island nations - Cook Islands,...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Adria-1
Latency to Dubrovnik hit 104ms - 6.9x above baseline (15ms).
📝 Recently Updated: Cable & Landing Point Dossiers
Kep. Aru, Indonesia Terempa, Indonesia Pan-American Crossing (PAC) · 10,000 km Arctic Way · 2,568 km Domestic Submarine Cable of Maldives (DSCoM) · 286 km Punta Arenas, Chile Sendai, Japan Okinawa Remote Islands · 915 km St. Pierre and Miquelon Cable · 200 km PanAm South · 1,340 km Canouan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Cirebon, Indonesia

Recent Cable Checks

West Africa Cable System (WACS) Sydney → Accra 344ms
South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) Singapore → Fortaleza 310ms
Lake Tanganyika Cape Town → Uvira 109ms
Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) Sydney → Dar Es Salaam 419ms
SAT-3/WASC Sydney → Sesimbra 260ms
Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) Sydney → N'zeto 319ms
2Africa Sydney → Accra 344ms
GlobalConnect Denmark-Sweden Brondby → Klagshamn 31ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 170,960 prefixes NORMAL
India 155,488 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,084 prefixes NORMAL
United Arab Emirates 22,161 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables - they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates its own distributed network of measurement servers, including in regions poorly covered by public measurements. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths - actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s - two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages - the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

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