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Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 703 submarine cable systems, based on real RIPE Atlas measurements from 5 probes worldwide.

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● Network stable · latest seismic event
🌐 earthquake

M5.6 earthquake · 137 km SSE of Oistins, Barbados

4h ago

The submarine cable network remains stable with 1498 latency checks conducted over the past 24 hours showing no anomalies and zero active alerts. This indicates that all monitored cables are functioning normally.

On May 31, 2026, a M5.6 earthquake occurred 137 km southeast of Oistins, Barbados. The submarine cables with landing points within 350km of the event, including Southern Caribbean Fiber and ECFS, are currently operating without any impact as indicated by our latency measurements.

See it on the live map →
● Daily digest

Today on the network

May 30, 2026
2,705checks · 24h
440cables watched
0anomalies
0active alerts
10probes online

The network remained in a clean and stable state today with no anomalies or active alerts detected across the 440 of 703 catalogued submarine cables monitored through 2705 latency/route checks. This marks another day of smooth operation for GeoCables, reflecting the robustness and reliability of our submarine cable infrastructure.

Notable fluctuations in signal times were observed on several cables: Havhingsten/CeltixConnect-2 (CC-2) saw a significant improvement with a 45% reduction in latency to 34.2ms from its 7-day average, while Bulikula and SeaMeWe-6 also showed improvements of 11% and 15%, respectively. Conversely, Sweden-Estonia (EE-S 1) experienced an increase of 62%, reaching 65.5ms today compared to its 7d-avg of 40.4ms, and FALCON saw a minor increase of 8%. These changes are within normal operational jitter and do not indicate any significant issues.

Havhingsten/CeltixConnect-2 (CC-2)▼ 34.2ms today vs 62.5ms 7d-avg (▼45%) Bulikula▼ 218.8ms today vs 245.9ms 7d-avg (▼11%) SeaMeWe-6▼ 144.1ms today vs 169.5ms 7d-avg (▼15%) Sweden-Estonia (EE-S 1)▲ 65.5ms today vs 40.4ms 7d-avg (▲62%) FALCON▲ 247.8ms today vs 230.5ms 7d-avg (▲8%) Caucasus Cable System▲ 142.9ms today vs 127.6ms 7d-avg (▲12%) Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1)▲ 163.8ms today vs 149.1ms 7d-avg (▲10%) Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS)▼ 57.9ms today vs 69.1ms 7d-avg (▼16%)

Latest Research

View all research →
cable

Indonesian earthquake caused anomalies on several submarine cables

The event in Indonesia affected the operation of submarine cables, leading to increased delays. Our analytics provides detailed information on the current status.

cable

M6.0 Earthquake near Antigua & Barbuda

M6.0 Earthquake near Antigua & Barbuda — Submarine Cable Monitoring Report

cable

Japan M6.7 Earthquake - Submarine Cable Status Report

Japan M6.7 Earthquake — Submarine Cable Status Report May 15, 2026 · GeoCables Report · Region: Japan, Pacific Coast

cable AR → BR

Tannat Cable: 21 Days of Drift, Argentina to Brazil, 25ms to 506ms

From April 17 to May 7, 2026, our monitors watched Tannat's Argentina-to-Brazil latency drift from 25ms to 506ms — twenty times the physics floor. Twelve alerts, neighbouring cables clean. What an opaque submarine-cable rerouting looks like in three weeks of data.

region

Earthquake-Resistant Submarine Cables: Engineering for the Ring of Fire

region

Submarine cable health, March–April 2026: 16 high-severity events mapped

GeoCables flagged 82 latency anomalies on 49 submarine cables in 53 days. 16 crossed our high-severity threshold. Every event, mapped.

route GE → YE

Tbilisi to Yemen: 790 ms via Frankfurt and Starlink — How War-Disrupted Aden Reaches the Internet

Tbilisi-to-Aden round-trip is 790 ms — and the path goes through Frankfurt to Starlink to Yemen. With Red Sea cables down due to conflict, satellite is now the working route.

route KZ → JP

Almaty to Tokyo: 877 ms via London and Singapore — a 21,000-Kilometre Internet Detour

Almaty to Tokyo round-trip is 877 ms — 16 times the great-circle minimum. Traceroute reveals the route: Kazakhstan to London to Singapore to Japan, 21,000 km of fibre to reach a city 5,400 km away.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

Straight-Line
Cable Route
Est. Latency
fiber ≈ 200k km/s
Route Type

📋 Connection Details

Point A
Point B
Coordinates A
Coordinates B
Cable Multiplier
Crosses Ocean
Route Details
Data Source
Building route...
No calculations yet
Route km
Hops
Est. RTT
Type
⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5–15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
703
Submarine Cables
1,932+
Landing Points
127,812
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis — from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.
📊

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

🌊

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches — backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

🔬

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead — how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

🔍

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names — everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

🗺️

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.
🏗️

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

🎮

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

🏢

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

📚

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers — enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables — Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries — which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real RIPE Atlas measurements collected from five probes we operate in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, Jerusalem, and Sevastopol. We trace specific routes across 703 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s — about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5–4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes — measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
703
Cables Monitored
278
Checks Today
147ms
Avg RTT (24h)
127,812
Total Checks
🔴 Botnia 195ms 14–492ms 🔴 Dhiraagu-SLT Submarine Cable Network 210ms 49–455ms 🔴 Guam Okinawa Kyushu Incheon (GOKI) 234ms 50–297ms 🔴 Maldives Sri Lanka Cable (MSC) 214ms 49–394ms 🔴 Trans-Caspian Fiber Optic Cable Project 134ms 0–328ms 🟡 Minamidaito Island 266ms 256–309ms 🟡 Kitadaito Island 267ms 256–350ms 🔴 Japan Information Highway (JIH) 269ms 256–364ms 🔴 Miyazaki-Okinawa Cable (MOC) 269ms 256–381ms 🔴 India Asia Xpress (IAX) 211ms 175–396ms 🔴 Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia 179ms 1–320ms 🔴 Georgia-Russia 192ms 33–327ms 🔴 SeaMeWe-6 152ms 46–256ms 🔴 KAFOS 175ms 49–279ms 🔴 Kardesa 165ms 1–372ms 🔴 Bharat Lanka Cable System 257ms 50–552ms 🔴 Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) 173ms 46–256ms 🔴 Caucasus Cable System 139ms 54–281ms 🔴 SEAX-1 48ms 9–163ms 🟡 UK-Channel Islands-8 41ms 10–96ms 🔴 FALCON 244ms 64–441ms 🔴 Caucasus Cable System 124ms 0–304ms 🔴 Didon 74ms 24–267ms 🔴 Asia Africa Europe-1 (AAE-1) 131ms 0–358ms 🔴 Apricot 93ms 89–220ms 🟡 Circe North 32ms 15–68ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Batam-Singapore (B2JS) 71ms 16–175ms 🔴 Sweden-Estonia (EE-S 1) 52ms 8–161ms 🔴 Asia Submarine-cable Express (ASE)/Cahaya Malaysia 213ms 76–382ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) 56ms 16–180ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
Hokkaido-Sakhalin Cable System (HSCS)
Slowest route today: 🟡 389ms from Ishikari to Sao Paulo.
⚡ 1.4x above baseline · 14 hops
<p>The Hokkaido-Sakhalin Cable System (HSCS) is a short, unshowy piece of internet infrastructure. Just 570 km of fibre between <strong>Ishikari</stro...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Botnia
Latency to Vaasa hit 223ms — 9x above baseline (39ms).

Recent Cable Checks

UGARIT Pentaskhinos → Sydney 7ms
Matrix Cable System Batam → Sao Paulo 19ms
Southeast Asia-Japan Cable (SJC) Chikura → Sao Paulo 83ms
Taba-Aqaba Aqaba → Sydney 116ms
Trans Adriatic Express (TAE) San Foca → Sydney 66ms
Senegal Horn of Africa Regional Express (SHARE) Cable Dakar → Sydney 77ms
Pan-American Crossing (PAC) Fort Amador → Singapore 131ms
Suriname-Guyana Submarine Cable System (SG-SCS) Chaguaramas → Singapore 100ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 171,021 prefixes NORMAL
India 157,249 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,004 prefixes NORMAL
United Arab Emirates 22,153 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables — they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates measurement servers in Minsk, Almaty, Tbilisi, and Jerusalem equipped with RIPE Atlas probes. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths — actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s — two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages — the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

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