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Cable Health Monitor

Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

In-depth analysis of how internet traffic moves through 708 submarine cable systems, based on real measurements from our probes worldwide.

Learn how it works

FRESH FINDING · 14 h ago
Magnitude 6 Earthquake Near Timor-Leste: Submarine Cables Fully Operational
Read the analysis with live chart →
Cable in focus 🌋 in the event zone
2,641 km · up since 2027 · 1 countries
Indonesia
now: running normally
Singapore → Sanur 30 ms (vs baseline 32 ms)
Open dossier →
Network latency index
For every monitored route the index compares its current round-trip time with that route's own 7-day norm. 100 = traffic moves at its usual speed, 108 = routes run about 8% slower than usual. Every cable weighs the same (now 280 cables, 5,034 routes). Updated hourly. Zones apply the same calculation to the cables serving a region or passing a chokepoint.
101 steady
faster100slower
⚙ Network load now
-2.7% above night floor
usual peak: 04:00 UTC · +8.1%
100 101 18.08 09:00 · 10218.08 10:00 · 10218.08 11:00 · 10218.08 12:00 · 10218.08 13:00 · 10218.08 14:00 · 10218.08 15:00 · 10218.08 16:00 · 10218.08 17:00 · 10218.08 18:00 · 10218.08 19:00 · 10218.08 20:00 · 10218.08 21:00 · 10218.08 22:00 · 10218.08 23:00 · 10219.08 00:00 · 10219.08 01:00 · 10219.08 02:00 · 10219.08 03:00 · 10219.08 04:00 · 10219.08 05:00 · 10219.08 06:00 · 10219.08 07:00 · 10219.08 08:00 · 10219.08 09:00 · 10219.08 10:00 · 10219.08 11:00 · 10219.08 12:00 · 10219.08 13:00 · 10219.08 14:00 · 10219.08 15:00 · 10219.08 16:00 · 10219.08 17:00 · 10219.08 18:00 · 10219.08 19:00 · 10219.08 20:00 · 10219.08 21:00 · 10219.08 22:00 · 10219.08 23:00 · 10220.08 00:00 · 10220.08 01:00 · 10220.08 02:00 · 10220.08 03:00 · 10220.08 04:00 · 10220.08 05:00 · 10220.08 06:00 · 10220.08 07:00 · 10220.08 08:00 · 10220.08 09:00 · 10220.08 10:00 · 10220.08 11:00 · 10220.08 12:00 · 10220.08 13:00 · 10220.08 14:00 · 10220.08 15:00 · 10220.08 16:00 · 10220.08 17:00 · 10220.08 18:00 · 10220.08 19:00 · 10220.08 20:00 · 10220.08 21:00 · 10220.08 22:00 · 10220.08 23:00 · 10221.08 00:00 · 10221.08 01:00 · 10221.08 02:00 · 10221.08 03:00 · 10221.08 04:00 · 10221.08 05:00 · 10221.08 06:00 · 10221.08 07:00 · 10221.08 08:00 · 10221.08 09:00 · 10221.08 10:00 · 10221.08 11:00 · 10221.08 12:00 · 10221.08 13:00 · 10221.08 14:00 · 10221.08 15:00 · 10221.08 16:00 · 10221.08 17:00 · 10221.08 18:00 · 10221.08 19:00 · 10221.08 20:00 · 10221.08 21:00 · 10221.08 22:00 · 10221.08 23:00 · 10222.08 00:00 · 10222.08 01:00 · 10222.08 02:00 · 10222.08 03:00 · 10222.08 04:00 · 10222.08 05:00 · 10222.08 06:00 · 10222.08 07:00 · 10222.08 08:00 · 10222.08 09:00 · 10222.08 10:00 · 10222.08 11:00 · 10222.08 12:00 · 10222.08 13:00 · 10122.08 14:00 · 10122.08 15:00 · 10122.08 16:00 · 10222.08 17:00 · 10222.08 18:00 · 10222.08 19:00 · 10222.08 20:00 · 10122.08 21:00 · 10122.08 22:00 · 10122.08 23:00 · 10123.08 00:00 · 10123.08 01:00 · 10123.08 02:00 · 10123.08 03:00 · 10123.08 04:00 · 10123.08 05:00 · 10123.08 06:00 · 10123.08 07:00 · 10123.08 08:00 · 10123.08 09:00 · 10123.08 10:00 · 10123.08 11:00 · 10123.08 12:00 · 10123.08 13:00 · 10123.08 14:00 · 10123.08 15:00 · 10123.08 16:00 · 10123.08 17:00 · 10123.08 18:00 · 10123.08 19:00 · 10123.08 20:00 · 10123.08 21:00 · 10123.08 22:00 · 10123.08 23:00 · 10124.08 00:00 · 10124.08 01:00 · 10124.08 02:00 · 10124.08 03:00 · 10124.08 04:00 · 10124.08 05:00 · 10124.08 06:00 · 10124.08 07:00 · 10124.08 08:00 · 10124.08 09:00 · 10124.08 10:00 · 10124.08 11:00 · 10224.08 12:00 · 10224.08 13:00 · 10224.08 14:00 · 10224.08 15:00 · 10224.08 16:00 · 10224.08 17:00 · 10224.08 18:00 · 10224.08 19:00 · 10224.08 20:00 · 10224.08 21:00 · 10124.08 22:00 · 10124.08 23:00 · 10125.08 00:00 · 10125.08 01:00 · 10125.08 02:00 · 10125.08 03:00 · 10125.08 04:00 · 10125.08 05:00 · 10125.08 06:00 · 10125.08 07:00 · 10125.08 08:00 · 101
19.0820.0821.0822.0823.0824.0825.08 now
7 days, hourly
+1% slower than usual · measured across 5,034 corridors
775 checks today · last: Cape Town → N'zeto 38 ms, 17 min ago
● Network stable · event watch
earthquake
Indonesia
M4.9event force
VS
network heldIndonesia Tengah Cable Systems +2%

M4.9 earthquake · 34 km NW of Ruteng, Indonesia

6h ago
M 4.9magnitude 8.42°S · 120.22°Eepicenter Sape-Labuan Bajo-Ende-Kupang · 34 kmnearest cable

On August 25, 2026, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurred 34 km northwest of Ruteng, Indonesia. The event was located in a region with a dispersed population and lasted briefly, with no widespread impact reported. Local authorities and monitoring agencies responded promptly, ensuring situational awareness and public safety in the affected area.

The submarine cable infrastructure in the vicinity demonstrated strong resilience during the event. Systems such as the Sape-Labuan Bajo-Ende-Kupang cable (connecting Labuan Bajo, Indonesia) and the Indonesia Tengah Cable Systems (also landing at Labuhan Bajo) maintained their typical performance, with average round-trip latencies of approximately 179 ms and 188 ms respectively. Similarly, the Palapa Ring East cable (serving Waingapu, Indonesia) held steady at around 180 ms. These systems, critical for regional and national connectivity, continued to carry traffic seamlessly during and after the seismic activity.

Monitoring of these and other submarine cable systems continues in real time, with 1930 latency checks conducted across 705 cable systems in the past 24 hours. This ongoing vigilance ensures the reliability and stability of global communications infrastructure in dynamic environments.

See it on the live map →
Explore the map →
700+ submarine cables, landing points & routes
Watch it live →
Real-time latency, outages & network pulse
Read research →
Deep dives into cables, incidents & geography
Earlier on the networkFull chronicle →
14h M4.9 earthquake · 76 km SE of Taira, Japan 20h M5.5 earthquake · 207 km SSE of Amahai, Indonesia Aug 24 M4.7 earthquake · 71 km N of Ruteng, Indonesia Aug 24 M4.7 earthquake · 67 km NNE of Ruteng, Indonesia Aug 24 M5.2 earthquake · 48 km NE of Ruteng, Indonesia
● Daily digest

Today on the network

August 25, 2026
1,930checks · 24h
650cables watched
0anomalies
0active alerts
14probes online

August 25, 2026 - GeoCables experienced a clean and stable day with no anomalies or active alerts across the monitored submarine cable network. Over 1930 latency/route checks were conducted on 650 cables, reflecting a smooth operation without any significant disruptions.

Notable fluctuations in latency were observed for several cables: the Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable saw an increase of 211%, the Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) and JAYABAYA systems each experienced a 66% and 15% rise in latency respectively, while the PIPE Pacific Cable-1 and Jakarta Surabaya Cable System (JAYABAYA) showed improvements with decreases of 19% and 15%. These changes are within typical operational jitter and do not indicate any underlying issues.

Malaysia-Cambodia-Thailand (MCT) Cable▲ 206.2ms today vs 66.2ms 7d-avg (▲211%) Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS)▲ 160.8ms today vs 96.7ms 7d-avg (▲66%) JAKABARE▲ 165.3ms today vs 128.6ms 7d-avg (▲29%) PIPE Pacific Cable-1 (PPC-1)▼ 132.2ms today vs 163.5ms 7d-avg (▼19%) Jakarta Surabaya Cable System (JAYABAYA)▼ 171.5ms today vs 202.7ms 7d-avg (▼15%) Jakarta-Bangka-Batam-Singapore (B2JS)▲ 154.2ms today vs 123.1ms 7d-avg (▲25%) Link 3 Phase-2▲ 202.7ms today vs 174.5ms 7d-avg (▲16%) JaSuKa▲ 195.6ms today vs 174.1ms 7d-avg (▲12%) Palapa Ring West▲ 216.3ms today vs 197.9ms 7d-avg (▲9%)

Latest Research

View all research →
cable

Magnitude 6 Earthquake Near Timor-Leste: Submarine Cables Fully Operational

Earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred 215 km from Lospalos, Timor-Leste. Submarine cables in the area, including ACC-1 and Hawaiki Nui 1, continue to operate normally.

region

0.7 ms to 1.1.1.1: How One Anchor Blinded Our Monitoring for Three Months

The same address, 1.1.1.1, answers in 0.69 ms from one city and 11.54 ms from another. We used it as a reachability anchor for three months and measured almost nothing. Traceroutes, numbers, and the fix.

cable

Magnitude 6.7 Earthquake Near Anisio, Peru: Submarine Cables Remain Fully Operational

The 6.7 magnitude earthquake near Anízio, Peru, did not affect submarine cables such as Fibra Optica al Pacífico and SAm-1.

route

Global Internet Routing: Why a Packet Took the Long Way from Brazil to Oman

Discover why internet data between Brazil and Oman takes an unexpected detour through the US.

chokepoint

El Segundo: A Crucial Hub for Global Submarine Cables

An analysis of the undersea cable chokepoint at El Segundo: 13 cables, critical routes, potential threats, and monitoring efforts.

cable

Tunisia Floods Disrupt Submarine Cables, RTT Spikes Detected in Key Systems

Flooding in Tunisia caused anomalies on submarine cables, including KELTRA-2, HANNIBAL and others. Data analysis and consequences.

cable

Forest Fire Near Athens Causes Latency Spikes on KAFOS and Kardesa Cables

A forest fire in Greece on August 17, 2026, led to delays on submarine cables KAFOS and Kardesa, key for internet communication in the region.

cable

6.1 Earthquake Near Vanuatu: Tamtam and ICN1 Cables Fully Operational

Magnitude 6.1 earthquake near Port-Olry, Vanuatu. The Tamtam and ICN1 cables in the epicenter zone continue to operate stabilily.

Distance Calculator

Resolving locations & calculating...

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Est. Latency
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fiber ≈ 200k km/s
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📋 Connection Details

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⚠️ Calculated distances may differ from actual cable routes by 5-15% due to seabed terrain, cable landing infrastructure, and network peering points.
708
Submarine Cables
1,940+
Landing Points
324,622
Health Checks
< 1s
Route Calculation
Features
Network infrastructure made visible
Three layers of analysis - from theoretical cable distances to real-world packet measurements.

Smart Cable Routing

Dijkstra-based routing through real submarine cables and landing points from TeleGeography data. Accurate distance multipliers for land and undersea segments.

Submarine Cable Map

Interactive map showing every cable your data touches - backbone nodes, landing stations, and submarine segments with real geographic coordinates.

RIPE Atlas Verification

Launch real network measurements from probes worldwide. Compare theoretical estimates with actual RTT and hop-by-hop packet journeys with ISP geolocation.

Latency Estimation

Speed-of-light physics combined with cable distance to estimate latency. See the real-world overhead - how much slower actual routing is vs fiber limits.

IP & Domain Resolution

Enter cities, IP addresses, or domain names - everything is resolved to coordinates with hosting location identification and optimal cable route.

Packet Journey Analysis

Traceroute hops enriched with city, country, ISP. Phases auto-detected: local → ISP → CDN → backbone → submarine cable. Visual RTT timelines.

How It Works
From two points to a complete picture
Three-step analysis reveals the hidden infrastructure connecting any two locations.
1

Enter any two points

City names, IP addresses, or domains. The system resolves coordinates, identifies countries, and determines whether the route crosses oceans.

2

Smart Route calculates the path

A graph algorithm finds the optimal route through landing points and submarine cables with accurate distance multipliers for each segment type.

3

Verify with live measurements

One click launches RIPE Atlas probes for real ping and traceroute. See actual RTT, identify every router, and find where your packet enters submarine cables.

Use Cases
Built for engineers. Useful for everyone.

Network Engineers

Validate routing assumptions, estimate latency budgets, troubleshoot unexpected paths.

Gaming & Low-Latency

Understand your ping. Compare the physical speed limit vs reality for any server.

CDN & Cloud Planning

Choose optimal PoP locations based on submarine cable topology and landing proximity.

Education & Research

Teach how the physical internet works. Visualize the gap between light speed and real routing.

Submarine Cable Facts
The hidden backbone of the internet
Everything you see online travels through a global network of undersea fiber optic cables. Here's what makes it work.
1.4 million km

Total Cable Length

Over 500 submarine cable systems span the world's oceans, with a combined length of approximately 1.4 million kilometers - enough to circle the Earth 35 times.

99%

Intercontinental Data Share

Submarine cables carry over 99% of intercontinental data traffic. Despite what many people think, satellites handle only a tiny fraction of global internet traffic.

200,000 km/s

Speed of Light in Fiber

Light travels through fiber optic cable at about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. A signal from London to New York takes approximately 28 milliseconds one way.

25 years

Cable Lifespan

Modern submarine cables are designed to last 25 years. Cables are buried in the seabed near shores and laid directly on the ocean floor in deep water, protected by layers of steel and polyethylene.

~8,000m

Deepest Cable Depth

The deepest submarine cables reach the abyssal plains at nearly 8,000 meters. At these depths, cables rest on the ocean floor under enormous pressure, beyond the reach of anchors and fishing gear.

~$1B+

Cost Per Major Cable

Major transoceanic cable projects like 2Africa or PEACE cost over $1 billion. Investment comes from tech giants like Google, Meta, and Microsoft, as well as telecom consortiums.

ℹ️ About GeoCables - Original Research on Submarine Cable Routing

How Internet Traffic Routes Through Submarine Cables

GeoCables is a research publication on the physical infrastructure of the global internet. We publish in-depth analyses of how data actually travels between countries - which submarine cables are used, what the measured latency is, and why it differs from the theoretical minimum.

Our research is grounded in real measurements from our own distributed network of measurement servers. We trace specific routes across 708 submarine cable systems and 1,900+ landing points cataloged by TeleGeography, then publish what we find.

Theory vs Reality: Why Measured Latency Matters

Light through fiber travels at ~200,000 km/s - about two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. That sets the theoretical floor for round-trip time. In practice, real RTT is 1.5-4× higher due to routing detours, optical amplifiers, protocol processing, peering between networks, and suboptimal path selection. Our research articles document this overhead on specific routes - measuring it, explaining it, and tracing it back to the cables and networks responsible.

Live Cable Monitoring

Real-time health checks from GeoCables measurement servers. Full dashboard →
708
Cables Monitored
775
Checks Today
152ms
Avg RTT (24h)
324,622
Total Checks
🔴 Matrix Cable System 192ms 1-426ms 🔴 2Africa 224ms 145-347ms 🔴 Lake Tanganyika 253ms 92-474ms 🔴 SAT-3/WASC 143ms 68-289ms 🔴 South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) 140ms 44-509ms 🔴 Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) 188ms 37-330ms 🔴 West Africa Cable System (WACS) 221ms 146-347ms 🔴 Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) 242ms 68-488ms 🔴 Batam Dumai Melaka (BDM) 50ms 10-216ms 🔴 Asia Connect Cable-1 (ACC-1) 200ms 1-668ms 🔴 Italy-Albania 107ms 61-625ms 🔴 FLY-LION3 221ms 68-507ms 🟡 Caribbean-Bermuda U.S. (CBUS) 70ms 63-138ms 🔴 Bosun 166ms 18-390ms 🔴 Hawaiki Nui 1 136ms 0-337ms 🔴 Groote Eylandt 210ms 31-392ms 🔴 Project Waterworth 241ms 22-773ms 🔴 Avassa 246ms 68-704ms 🔴 Comoros Domestic Cable System 242ms 68-495ms 🔴 Eastern Africa Submarine System (EASSy) 242ms 68-501ms 🟡 Proa 51ms 48-137ms 🔴 North-West Cable System 210ms 52-396ms 🔴 SMPCS Packet-2 212ms 114-632ms 🔴 Barat Timur Indonesia-2 (BTI-2) 175ms 12-358ms 🔴 Batam Sarawak Internet Cable System (BaSICS) 116ms 101-236ms 🔴 UK-Channel Islands-8 36ms 1-150ms 🔴 Jakarta-Bangka-Bintan-Batam-Singapore (B3JS) 135ms 13-358ms 🔴 S-U-B Cable System 174ms 22-394ms 🔴 JaKa2LaDeMa 179ms 31-402ms 🔴 Jonah 107ms 3-329ms
🏆 Cable of the Day
Link 3 Phase-2
Slowest route today: 🟡 587ms from Sydney to Ancol.
⚡ 1.7x above baseline · 13 hops
Link 3 Phase-2: A regional submarine cable in Indonesia Link 3 Phase-2 is a submarine cable system connecting three landing points in Indonesia: Anco...
🚨 Anomaly Detected
Adria-1
Latency to Dubrovnik hit 104ms - 6.9x above baseline (15ms).
📝 Recently Updated: Cable & Landing Point Dossiers
Okinawa Remote Islands · 915 km Ningbo-Zhoushan Cable · 35 km Porto Alegre, Brazil Newcastle, United Kingdom Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) · 1,145 km Kotka, Finland Hachijojima-Mainland Oteranga Bay, New Zealand El Segundo, CA, United States Quintillion Subsea Cable Network · 1,900 km Mangawhai, New Zealand Geoje, South Korea

Recent Cable Checks

Unitel North Submarine Cable (UNSC) Cape Town → N'zeto 38ms
2Africa Sydney → Accra 344ms
SAT-3/WASC Sydney → Sesimbra 260ms
Telstra Endeavour Keawaula → Paddington 304ms
Latvia-Sweden 1 (LV-SE 1) Nynashamn → Ventspils 20ms
Eastern Africa Submarine System (EASSy) Port Sudan → Mtunzini 239ms
Havfrue/AEC-2 Blaabjerg → Wall Township 127ms
Djibouti Africa Regional Express 1 (DARE 1) Mtunzini → Bosaso 169ms

Internet Health (IODA)

Russian Federation 170,962 prefixes NORMAL
India 155,508 prefixes NORMAL
Pakistan 21,089 prefixes NORMAL

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a submarine cable?
A submarine cable is a fiber-optic cable laid on the ocean floor to carry telecommunications data between land-based stations. Over 95% of intercontinental internet traffic travels through these cables - they are the physical backbone of the global internet, far more important than satellites for bulk data transfer.
How does GeoCables monitor cable health?
GeoCables operates its own distributed network of measurement servers, including in regions poorly covered by public measurements. These servers run continuous ping and traceroute measurements to destinations near cable landing points, comparing real-time RTT (Round Trip Time) against historical baselines. When RTT exceeds 4x the baseline, the system flags an anomaly.
How accurate is the cable distance calculator?
The calculator uses real submarine cable route data from TeleGeography (695 cables, 1,900+ landing points) with a Dijkstra-based routing algorithm. Distances are estimates based on geographic cable paths - actual distances may vary by 5-15% depending on cable slack, seabed terrain, and routing decisions made during cable installation.
Why is real latency higher than the theoretical minimum?
Light travels through fiber at about 200,000 km/s - two-thirds the speed of light in vacuum. But real-world RTT is typically 1.5-4x higher than the physical minimum due to optical amplifier processing delays, routing overhead at each network hop, protocol processing, peering between different carriers, and suboptimal path selection by ISPs.
What happens when a submarine cable is cut?
When a cable is severed, internet traffic automatically reroutes through alternative paths via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Users may experience higher latency but rarely total outages - the internet was designed to route around damage. However, repairs can take weeks to months, requiring specialized cable ships that are in short supply globally.
How many submarine cables exist in the world?
As of 2026, there are approximately 695 submarine cable systems in service or under construction worldwide, spanning over 1.5 million kilometers of ocean floor. GeoCables tracks all of them, with active health monitoring on the most critical routes.

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